An American Family History

… On the north it is bounded by Concord Township, on the east by Urbana Township, on the south by a. portion of Clark County, on the west by Jackson, and Johnson Townships. The beautiful and fertile Mad River Valley, whose lands furnished homes for the first settlers of the county, is located on the east, and from one to one and one-half miles in width…

Early Settlements
It is universally conceded that William Owens is the first white person who settled not only in the township but in the county as well. Of him but little is remembered. He was a native of Virginia, where he lived on a rented piece of ground, in comparative poverty. A desire to better the condition of himself and family, induced him to leave forever the land of his birth. The trip was made by wagon, and, as it was necessary to cut the way, it required much valuable time. Late in the fall of 1779, he arrived in this county and settled on the northeast quarter of Section 15, in this township. He purchased of one William Ward, 240 acres of land, a part of which is now located as a portion of Section 9, the remainder as the northeast quarter of Section 15. In consideration of his leading the way into this vast wilderness, the land was sold to him at the nominal figure of $1 per acre. A beautiful and inexhaustible spring was perhaps the chief inducement that caused him to select this land. The Indians were his only neighbors, and with them he became very intimate. Because he raised a number of swine, they applied to him the cognomen of Kosko Elene (Hogman). Of the first four-horse wagon, that plied between Cincinnati and the settlements, he was the proprietor.

As an individual, he was very eccentric. At times he professed a firm belief in the religion of Jesus Christ, and again would indulge in the most profane epithets that he could command. He became a member of the Baptist Church at an early day. He was an habitual soliloquizer. One day the Indians' horses broke into his cornfield. Patience, which had been taxed to its utmost capacity, ceased to be a virtue, and he was heard repeating to himself, "Old Billy can swear a pretty good hickory yet." While removing a family to Indianapolis, be contracted a disease from which he never recovered. He died in the year 1818. Though his life was not characteristic of any imitable traits of character, he will nevertheless be remembered as one of the early pioneers who suffered innumerable privations that future generations might live in peace and plenty. Requiescat in pace.

His family consisted of eight children, who lived the life of noble citizens, but have long since crossed the dark valley to enter a land that is always new, and where the struggles and trials of pioneer life are unknown.

At the beginning of the present century, several families emigrated to the lowlands of this township and settled on the different sections, paying the first installment, and commenced building and clearing. The Government required that each installment be paid when due or the land was declared forfeited. Of necessity they, or many of them, failed. They were compelled to clear the land, and then, from the products of the soil, realize enough to pay for it. It is not strange that some of them lost all the money invested with the lands and the improvements thereon. The injustice of a too stringent Government cannot be denied. But few countries were settled under greater disadvantages, yet the fine soil and healthy climate presented an inviting aspect to home seekers, and they came.

At the mouth of Storms Creek, near what is now known as Tremont, Clark County, Charles Rector, with his brother-in-law, Christopher Weaver, settled in 1801. Nature had fitted these men for a life in a new country; they were honest, sober and industrious. In addition to this, they exercised good judgment in the selection of lands. They were natives of Kentucky. They lived the lives of Christians, and when death knocked at their doors, he found them prepared. One of Rector's sons (Conaway [Rector]) lives near the old homestead Section 12-and is honored and respected by all who know him.

William Ross, a man of wonderful strength and physical endurance, also settled on the southern part of the township, near Tremont.

William Weaver, a brother of Christopher, was born in 1759, at Bucks County, Penn., near Philadelphia. He participated in the Revolutionary war, and was an eye-witness to Cornwallis' march from Yorktown. In 1783 or 1784, he was united with Mary Kiger, a native of Maryland. The couple removed to Kentucky in 1792, and, in 1802, they emigrated to Ohio. They settled in what is now known as Clark County, where they rented of William Chapman eighty acres of land, a part of which was prairie land. Here they lived for five years, when they removed to Section 24 in this township, on land now owned by William Weaver, where they resided until death. Henry Storm is remembered as the only man who lived in the neighborhood prior to the arrival of the Weavers. Fifteen children were born to the couple.

Of those yet living, William [Weaver] was born December 25, 1795, in Kentucky. He has been a resident of this State since 1802, and has never been beyond the State boundaries, nor has he ever been aboard of a train of cars. At the advanced age of eighty-five years he enjoys good health, is robust and is never so well satisfied as when the condition of the weather permits him to work in the garden. The bountiful supply of vegetables found in his garden attest to his sill as a gardener. He is a kind and benevolent gentleman, courteous to strangers and an indefatigable worker in the Lord's vineyard. We wish to add that, to our knowledge, he is the oldest resident in the township now living.

Nancy [Weaver] was born November 6, 1801, was married to Erastus Wilson and is still living. Nelson, born December 22, 1817, the youngest child, lives on a part of the old homestead.

Thomas Redman, a Kentuckian, settled just above Falling Springs, but remained a short time only, and, in 1811, returned to his native State.

The Pences, fifteen in number, settled in different portions of this county. Three of them, John, Louis and Abraham, settled in this township.

John [Pence] purchased a quarter-section of land on Section 9, of one Terman, but soon disposed of it to his brother, Louis, and emigrated West.

Abraham [Pence, father-in-law of Henry Branstetter] came from Virginia in 1811, and purchased portions of Sections 4 and 10. The land is now owned by his son David. He was called out as a scout during the early Indian troubles, and stationed in what is now known as Logan County. He was a faithful member of the Baptist Church, and held the position of Deacon for many years. He died in 1838. One of his daughters [Mary Pence Louderback, mother-in-law of William Baker], the widow of David [Daniel?] Loudenback, is living in the township and is now eighty-eight years of age, and without exception is the oldest living resident in the township. Several of his brothers lived to be fourscore years of age.

Another Kentuckian, named Abraham Shocky, settled on Nettle Creek. Of him, it is said, that he was muscular in form, weighing about one hundred and seventy-five pounds, and of a sandy complexion. As a pedestrian, he was without a peer. Rev. William Haller well remembers of seeing him start with good trotting horses and keep ahead. A tract of land, still in the possession of Uncle Sam, was well timbered with poplar. Shocky was in the habit of hauling the timber to his mill. One evening as he was coming in with a log, he met Judge Runkle, who said to him: "You cannot haul any more logs from that land, for I have sent Joe Sims to Cincinnati this morning to enter it." But Shocky realized the real worth of the land and determined to have it at all hazards. He borrowed the necessary money, and on that same night started, on foot, for the Queen City. On the morning of the second day, as Sims was going to Cincinnati, he met Shocky going home, who revealed to him that he had entered the land in question. The fact was confirmed, and Sims and Shocky went home together, one on foot, the other on horseback. On another occasion, Shocky offered to bet that he could walk from Urbana to Cincinnati in one day, but met with no takers. He accomplished the feat, however, to the great delight of the settlers. At another time, he undertook to make better time than the Xenia and Urbana stage. In this, also, was he successful.

Up Nettle Creek, on the northwestern part of the township, there was a neighborhood of Shenandoah Valley; Virginians, consisting of the Wiants, Kites, Loudenbacks, Runkles and Jinkinses, most of them enterprising citizens. John Wiant was a tanner, and highly useful in his day. His sons are yet among the living, and one a talented and prominent figure in the Baptist Church.

Adam Kite settled here in 1807, one-half mile east of the present residence of his son George W. He entered 200 acres at the Cincinnati Land Office. He died in 1842. Although the lowlands of the Mad River Valley could be purchased at a more reasonable figure than the highlands of this section, it was supposed by the Virginians that a land on which grew the trees of the forest could not be utilized into a grain country; therefore, they settled on the highest lands in the township.

Thomas Kenton (Simon's nephew) was a native of Virginia. He came to the Mad River Valley in about 1801. Was well made and of splendid stature, and noted for his great endurance and energetic industry. The first election held in the township, in 1805, was held at his house. He lived to a ripe age and possessed a remarkable memory up to the time of his death.

Ezekial Arrowsmith, a brother-in-law of Kenton, emigrated from Mason County, Ky. They left on the 3d of December, 1801, and arrived in the township in the same month. His actual settlement was made in Concord Township some years after.

John Kain entered a tract of land in the river valley in the year 1808. In 1810, he sold it to one Hill, and left for the West. On the western boundaries, settlements were made by William Hendricks, Jessie Goddart and a man named Dibert.

Jacob Arney, a native of North Carolina, settled near the site of Terre Haute. Two Kentuckians, John Rouse and Elijah Standerford, were his nearest neighbors. The locality settled by Owens received, in the period of 1801 to 1806, the families of Mark and William Kenton and of William and Elijah Harbor, Henry Ritter was another early pioneer; he afterward removed to Adams Township.

A Pennsylvanian named Archibald McGrew settled on a fine tract of land and was a valuable addition to the enterprising class of settlers.

Basil West settled near the town of Westville in 1805. When he came he was poverty stricken. He negotiated for a cow and agreed to pay for her at a stated time in the future. When the time expired, he paid the money as promised, remarking that it would certainly have been impossible for him to support his family had it not been for the cow.

We close our catalogue of early settlers by mentioning the names of John Hamilton, Christian and John Normand, John Norman, Robert McFarland, Christian Stephens, Thomas Redman, William Rhodes, Joseph Renolds, Clark, Thomas Pierce, John Wiley, Joseph Diltz, Adam Wise, Thomas Anderson, Henry Newcomb, Wm. Custor, Hugh McSherry, George and John Steinbarger, George Faulkner, William and Henry Bacon, John Taylor, Arnold, Abraham and William Custor. There are others who deserve honorable mention, but space forbids.

Biographical Sketches of Later Arrivals
John Haller was a native of Pennsylvania, but left for Kentucky in 1796, when quite young. He is described as being a spare, active man, weighing about one hundred and thirty-five pounds. His hair was of an auburn color, his complexion medium. He married a lady who was a Virginian by birth, but who was brought to Kentucky when a child. The nuptials were celebrated in 1798. Haller, in company with others, came to Ohio on foot, in 1796, to look at the country-then an Indian wilderness and was delighted with the rich valleys of Miami and Mad River. In 1807, he again explored the Mad River Valley. He was well pleased with the country, and proposed to emigrate; but the dark war-cloud was gathering between this and the mother country, and, as it was certain that the savages would unite with the British and resent the intrusion by the pale-faced emigrants, he hesitated.

Finally, he resolved to brave the danger, and, in October, 1812, bid adieu to Kentucky friends and landed in Urbana. In Urbana, he remained until 1814, when he removed to the mouth of Nettle Creek, in this township, following his trade of blacksmithing. At about thirty-five years of age, he became a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was rigid in the observance of discipline. He opposed the use of alcoholic drinks, and would not allow any one to indulge in them while on his premises. For many years he filled the office of Justice of the Peace. His decisions were just, and never failed to give satisfaction.

He finally disposed of his real estate and removed to near Defiance, where he passed his declining years. He died peacefully and without pain, fully prepared to meet his God. William, his son, was born in 1801. Until recently, he was a prominent resident of this township. A few years ago, he removed to a farm near Kingston, in Salem Township. In his early days, he made a covenant to lead the life of a Christian. Has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for many years. He enjoys the love and esteem of his fellow-men, and, when death calls for him, hovering angels will exclaim, "Well done, thou good and faithful servant!" He is now in his seventy-ninth year, but still retains the vigor of manhood, and possesses an excellent memory. To him are we indebted for much valuable information.

Lewis Cook was born in Vermont in 1777. Here he lived until twenty-one years of age, when he removed to the western part of New York, where he remained until 1812. Up to this time, he had enjoyed a life of single blessedness, but now, at the age of thirty-five, concluded that it was not well for man to live alone, and took unto himself a helpmate in the person of Miss Annie Peck. A short time after, accompanied by his bride and father-in-law, he started down the Ohio on a flat-boat. The party landed at Cincinnati, and the men obtained employment with Gen. Harrison. In 1816, he and his brother-in-law, Earthman Warren, emigrated to this township with their families, and settled on Section 13.

Upon their arrival, they saw nothing but a dense mass. of forest trees. They proceeded at once to erect a place of abode. A large oak was cut down, poles were placed in the ground parallel with the fallen tree, and the two were connected by a roof of boughs and some lumber which they were fortunate enough to obtain. Deer were roaming through the woods in large numbers, but were never molested by Cook, he being no hunter. He was very poor, and exerted himself night and day in endeavoring to retain the land permanently.

His wife died in 1823, and, two years after, he was united with Bodaisa Fay. She died in 1830. In 1832, he again took unto himself a wife, Mary Hartwell being the chosen one. In after years, he sold the old homestead, and, with his son Lewis, took a trip to Illinois. While there, he was taken suddenly ill, and erelong was a corpse. He was buried where he died. His wife also died while on a visit to the same State some years after. Three children survive, viz., Percy (wife of George Enock, now a resident of Kansas), Calvin (who possesses the "home farm ") and Louisa (wife of Nicholas Shafer, residing in this county).

John Lee was born in Maryland. In 1810, he came to New Lancaster, in this State, with his wife, nee Elizabeth Lomond. They lived there two years, and then removed to this county, settling on a tract of land located three miles northeast of Urbana. Mr. Lee died here two years later. In 1818, Mrs. Lee, with four children, settled on the northeast corner of Section 19; the land they purchased from one Glover. Mrs. Lee was married to Philip Stout, in 1827, with whom she lived happily until her death, which occurred in 1848. William Lee, her son, now occupies the homestead; has accumulated considerable property, and is a well-known and influential citizen. Of the remaining surviving children, James is a resident of Oregon; Richard resides in Iowa; Fannie, now Mrs. Thomas, lives in Indiana.

Benjamin Gard was born in Clark County in 1814. In after years, he removed across the line to this township, where he now lives, enjoying the fruits of economy and industry. During a recent conversation with the writer, he remarked that he had traveled over nine States; but had found no locality so attractive as the beautiful Mad River Valley.

David Loudenback, Sr., a native of Virginia, settled here in 1811; lived here five years, then removed to Concord Township, where he died in 1851. His son, David, Jr., returned to Mad River Township in 1829, beginning his career as a pedagogue. He made a permanent settlement in 1832. In 1842, he was elected Justice of the Peace, and continued in office until the year 1878. During his lone term of office, he dispensed justice in accordance with the law, and, with one single exception, never had a case reversed by a higher court. He has now retired to private life, but his time is much given to the settlement of estates and other legal matters. He has still in his possession a chair made by him in 1829.

John Lutz, a Virginian, settled on the southwest corner of Section 18, in 1829. After living there ten years, he removed to his present place of abode. He has accumulated a farm of 140 acres, which is in a state of cultivation.

Peter Baker, accompanied by his wife and nine children, came here from Virginia in 1816. Prior to their entrance to this township, they stopped at Columbus, as they had been informed that cheap homes could be purchased in the vicinity of that city. The land had been reserved for Revolutionary soldiers, however, and Baker was foiled in his attempt to settle there. The farm now owned by his son, Simon, was entered December 24, 1816. Peter settled on the land now owned by Joseph Rhodes. When they came to their future home, the land was found to consist of one dense forest of green beech-trees. Simon erected a cabin on his tract, and covered it with a shingle roof-the first in the settlement. Peter died at the age of ninety-four. His son, Simon, is still occupying the old farm. His fellow-citizens have elected him repeatedly to all the township offices, except Justice of the Peace. He erected the brick building which he now occupies, in 1835.

Joseph Rhodes came from Virginia with his uncle, John Craybill, in 1835, performing most of the journey on foot. He located in this township, and pursued his trade of shoemaking. A few years later, he removed to Urbana township, and there erected a mill, which was afterward destroyed by fire. Growing restless, he again left, and this time settled in the State of Indiana. In 1853, he settled on a portion of Section 26, where he resides at present. His brother, Noah, came here in 1856, and purchased a part of the farm. Mr. Rhodes is seventy-one years of age, and never left the state of single blessedness.

John Jenkins was born in Shenandoah County, Va., about the year 1789. In 1811, he was united with Polly Burkholder. They left for Ohio in 1832, traveling on two horses. Several children were born before their departure. A son named Morgan walked the entire distance; thirty-one days were consumed in making the trip. When one-half the journey had been completed, they found themselves in need of provisions. They stopped at the house of a German and asked permission to wash their clothing, inquiring also of the family if they had butter to sell. The people received them very ungraciously, and, in the German language, ridiculed them. Finally, Mrs. Jenkins addressed them in German, which had the desired effect. They were accorded a cordial reception and all their necessary wants supplied. The little knowledge of the German dialect possessed by Mrs. J. had changed the state of affairs. The Jenkins family settled at Wilmington, Clinton Co., in this State, at which place they remained until the year 1835. Thence they removed to the immediate vicinity of St. Paris, in this county. Here they remained for a number of years. The father finally removed to Indianapolis, Ind., where he died. Of eleven children, but two are now residents of this township-David and Morgan L. David has been married four times, and is now living happily with his fourth wife. Morgan has been a resident of Terre Haute for nearly forty years. He follows his trade of shoemaking, and keeps a general store. Ile is classed as one of the representative citizens of the village.

David Miller is a native of Virginia, and was born in 1813. His father died when he (David) was but seven years of age, and he was adopted by an uncle named Good. At the death of the latter he was taken into the family of his son. At the age of sixteen he left his native land, accompanied by the Goods,

George Serkle and the Kesslers-Abe and Jacob. The party traveled in wagons which were drawn by four horses. The party settled on different sections in this township. Two years later, Miller removed to Clark County, where he engaged himself to a wagon-maker as an apprentice. In 1836, he erected a wagon-shop on Storm's Creek, near the present village of Terre Haute. There was no other establishment of a like nature in the country, except those located at Urbana. Mr. Miller now resides in Terre Haute, leading a life of quietude, free from business cares, and enjoys the fruits of his own personal industry. He is one of the enterprising citizens of the village, and has contributed largely to all legitimate schemes offered for the public good. He is a stanch supporter of the proposed railroad, having subscribed a large sum to further its construction. He is an exemplary Christian and a good neighbor, honored and loved by all who know him.

When the earliest pioneers made their entree into the dense forests of this township, a beautiful, but discouraging sight was exposed to view. A picture more sublime than that produced by nature's artist cannot be imagined. The beautiful river valley, with its streams of living waters flowing through the green and mossy surface, presented an inviting aspect to the seekers of natural scenery. But to the seeker of a home, which was to be secured by the productions of the country, a picture differing largely from the one just described, was presented. It is true that the beauties of nature filled his soul with admiration. But gazing and admiring these beauties promised no remuneration. The normal condition of the lands, the inferior facilities for preparing the soil and the wolf that threatened his door admonished him that years of toil were in store for him. That self-same spirit of determination which had induced him to separate from home and friends, and which had accompanied him on the perilous and tedious journey to the wilds of Ohio, did not forsake him. With the ax, brought from the land of his nativity, he erects a rude cabin for himself and family. The frugal meal of corn bread and venison is eaten with relish. He proceeds at once to fell the trees surrounding his cabin. Day after day, the echo of the never-failing ax resounds in the forest. An occasional arrival of a new family who have determined to seek their fortunes in these wilds, fills his heart with joy. In the spring following, all the pioneers of the neighborhood assembled to engage in "log-rolling." When the task is completed at one place, they proceed to another, and so on until all the trees that have fallen victims to the ax are removed. Then the ground is upturned with the aid of the wooden mold-board plow. Slowly but surely is the work executed. In the autumn, he has the satisfaction of seeing his first crop of corn and wheat. The products consisted in addition of potatoes and a few other indispensable necessities. The corn was crushed by the "family corn-cracker," an implement well remembered by the older residents, and which is described in another part of this work. The wheat had to be conveyed to Sandusky City, where it was taken in exchange for salt, coffee, etc. A few years later, we discover that a change has taken place. Much more land is being cultivated, mills are springing up in the vicinity, settlements are being made rapidly, and an era of general prosperity seems to have reached the community. And yet much was still to be accomplished. Roads were to be cut out, schools established and religious societies organized.

The improvements were made slowly. The first brick house built within the township limits was not erected until the year 1823. This house was built by Charles Rector, and is now owned by Benjamin Gard. Mr. Rector lived in a double log house previous to the time in which the brick was erected. The log building was destroyed by fire. In 1832, but one-fourth of the land was cleared, and very few farms boasted of frame or brick dwellings, though some of them were roofed with shingles. The continual tide of immigration effected constant changes and improvements, and though a period of but fourscore years bas passed away, scarcely a vestige of the former scenes of pioneer life remains. They have been buried under the waves of oblivion, in their stead have appeared all the improvements of modern times. In the language of Tupper, in his veneration for old haunts, the surviving pioneer exclaims
"Old faces, how I long to see
Their kindly looks again.
Yet these are gone-while all around
Is changable as air.
All anchor in the solid ground
And root my memories there! "

Churches
An inducement to settlers worthy of note, was the outgrowth of privilege to worship according to conscientious views granted with readiness. At first it was found expedient to unite irrespective of predilections, and worship harmoniously together. The little-bands. would worship in their respective dwellings, until each acquired sufficient strength, when societies were formed. Soon rude log meeting-houses were constructed, from which songs of praise reverberated in the forests.

The first class was organized at Ezekiel Arrowsmith's, Rev. Robert McFarland serving as Class-leader. About thirty members constituted the organization. Of these, Rev. William Haller is the only one yet living. Verily, time has wrought its changes. It is related that one Van Meter married a lady named Reynolds, who was a member of this class. Van Dieter attended the meetings, but not through choice, as he was strenuously opposed to worshiping in the small, heated room in Arrowsmith's dwelling. Becoming disgusted, he, one Sabbath, crawled through the aperture in the wall while the brethren were engaged in prayer. The surprise and horror of the latter when they discovered that the bird had flown, can be more easily imagined than described.

A log meeting-house was built on the land of William Ross, by the Methodists. The Baptists erected a house of worship on Nettle Creek, which was also of logs. In 1820, a log church was built by the Methodists on the land of Christian Stephens. These buildings were uncomfortable, and, as soon as circumstances would permit, more commodious houses were erected.

In connection with this brief sketch of pioneer religious organizations, we cannot forbear to mention the names of those who brought the glad tidings of peace and good-will to the disconsolate. They deserve a place in history, and should be held in everlasting remembrance. Following we append the names of some of the Baptist ministers: John Thomas, John Gutridge, William Harper, Moses Frazee, Willis Hance, Daniel Bryant, Thomas Price, John Norman, Samuel Williams, William Fuson.

Of the brethren of the Methodist Church, we mention: Henry B. Bascum, Moses Trader, Adjet McGuire, Robert, James and John Findly, John Strange, Russell Biglow, John Collins, W. H. Raper, Augustus Eddy, George Marley, George Walker, Michael Marley, Leroy Swormstead and Daniel D. Davidson. All of these have long since departed this life and gone to their reward. . .

In the. preceding pages, we have endeavored to describe the manner in which religion was introduced into the pioneer homes, referring also to the characteristics of some of the most remarkable proclaimers of Gospel liberty. It is now our pleasant task to record briefly, the histories of the different churches now in existence.

Westville M. E. Church.-This church is the offspring of the first religious. organization of the township. In 1801, a sermon was preached under a sugartree, on the land of Ezekiel Arrowsmith, by Rev. James Davidson. This, the first Scriptural discourse, was listened to by a large concourse of people. Soon after, a society was organized, and meetings were held in the log houses of Christian Stephens, Arthur Elliott and Mr. Brockmyer. The society prospered favorably, and, in 1820, erected a log house of worship on the land of Stephens. In this building they continued holding services until 1826, at which time the increasing membership demanded the erection of a more commodious structure. A neat one-story brick, 45x60, was built at Westville. The material for the same was obtained at a nominal figure, and the total cost of the church did not exceed $1,000. Rev. Lewis White was the minister at that time. This building served the purpose for which it was erected until the winter of 1877-78. When it was destroyed by fire. In the spring of 1878, anew building was erected at a cost of $5,000. This building is a neat one and one-half story edifice, and well furnished within. Services are held regularly, and, altogether, the society is prospering in intelligence and membership.

Terre Haute M. E. Church.-Diligent research has failed to trace the origin of this church. We will, however, endeavor to portray with as much accuracy as possible the career of the organization. That portion of the membership connected with the original society, residing in the southern part of the township, proceeded to erect a building on the land owned by William Ross, which was located in their midst. A desire to overcome the obstacles in the way of attending a church located so far from their homes was the object of this step. The house was built in 1814, and of logs. William Weaver was elected as one of the first Trustees, and has been continued in that office to this day. The society was re-organized in 1835 by Rev. Joshua Boucher, and, immediately after, the present edifice was erected at Terre Haute. Formerly, this was one of the most prosperous churches in the county. The many churches in the neighborhood have had their detrimental effects, and the society is now hovering between life and death. Rev. John Black is the present minister.

The Baptist Church -Located one-half mile south of Westville, on the Valley Pike, is recorded as one of the oldest in the township. In 1806, some of the members of the King's Creek Church, in Salem Township, obtained letters of dismissal, and at once proceeded with others to effect an organization in this township, at the dwelling of Henry Pence. The Mad River Baptist Association was formed in 1812, and this church connected itself with the same. The primary meeting of this organization was held at the house of Abijah Ward. In 1819, a log building was erected on the site of the present building. A few years later the society concluded to put up a brick edifice, which was occupied for n number of years. The present building was afterward erected. Recently, a new roof was put on the structure, and it was also remodeled within. Since its organization the following ministers have proclaimed the glad tidings of eternal life: John Thomas, John Norman, John Gutridge, Moses Frazee, Sr., Samuel Williams (served thirty years), E. D. Thomas, John M. Thompson (present incumbent). At times the church has met with adversities, but is now in a living condition. The building now used is a one and one-half story brick, the dimensions of which are 45x60.

Myrtle-Tree Church.-From a well-written history of this church, compiled by the Clerk, Mr. Amos Norman, we condense the following: The church was organized April 24, 1830, by Elder William Fuson. The first meeting was held on the first Sunday of the same month and year. It was estimated that one thousand people were present on the occasion, every section of the county being represented. It may be of interest to our readers why and under what circumstances the church received its name. A short time before the organization the wife of Elder Fuson had a dream. She had read the first chapter of Zachariah before retiring for the night, and meditated on the beauty of the myrtle tree. When asleep, she dreamed of the tree in the lovely valley, and beheld it in all its glory. It was her request that the church should be christened Myrtle Tree, to which the others acquiesced. Following are the names of the original members: George Pine, Bryant Moody, John Earnest, James Pine, William Fuson, Phebe Moody, Ann Harnest, Sarah Pine, Sarah Pine, Sr., Deidamia Fuson, Lucy Comer, Elizabeth Whitmore. These have all since passed to that better land. Eight of the above received their letters of dismissal from the Symm's Creek Baptist Church, Lawrence County, in this State. The remaining five were formerly members of the Nettle Creek Church. John Harnest was the name of the first baptismal candidate; be was a fellow soldier in the Revolutionary war with the father of Elder Fuson, and the first person buried in the cemetery of the church. September 11, 1830, John Harnest, Jr.,.was elected Clerk, and John Earnest, Sr., Deacon. A house of worship was erected shortly after the organization of the church on the land purchased of Samuel Kite; a calico dress for Mrs. Kite was the consideration. Elder Fuson continued as minister of the church until September 25, 1841, at which time he resigned on account of old age. Rev. James Randle has been minister since 1870. Amos Norman has officiated as Clerk since 1866. Since the organization a total of 589 names have been enrolled on the registers. A building committee was appointed March 27, 1880, and empowered to arrange for the erection of a new edifice. The old building was torn down, and a new one is now in course of construction.

Harmony Baptist Church, located on the Kirkpatrick Pike, was organized in 1857 by Revs. John Ebbert and David Runkle. The original members were dissolvents of the Myrtle-Tree Church. The first meeting was held at the barn of John Lutz, and subsequently meetings were held in the schoolhouse. In 1858, the organization contracted with Josiah Lutz for the erection of a church. Soon after, the members had the satisfaction of worshiping in a neat one-story building, 32x36. Rev. Beane is the present Pastor. The membership is sixty two. A Sabbath school was organized in 1875 by Rev. Nixon. Philip Stover was the first Superintendent. The school has a membership of thirty. Charles M. Bragg, Superintendent.
Westville Universalist Church. This body was organized April 29, 1877. It was composed of one Pastor, three Deacons, three Trustees, one Treasurer, one Secretary, which were chosen from a number of sixteen, being the sum total of the organization when in its infancy. In this condition, it was admitted into the State Convention held at Belpre, Ohio, in June following. A temple of worship was erected, in the summer of the same year, at a cost of $3,000, paid for largely by Squire Loadenback. The church was dedicated January 13, 1878, by Rev. S. P. Carlton, who has been its Pastor up to this time. The membership has swelled to 106. The church has for its object the promotion of Christianity and the elevation of mankind.

Several churches of the Lutheran denomination are located south of Terre Haute. Their history could not be ascertained.

Schools
The pioneer was exempt from all the advantages offered by the educational interests of the present day, No beautiful gothic edifices, produced by the combined skill of the architect and the contractor, were opened for the reception of the pupils; no collegiate graduate offered his services as pedagogue. The humble log cabin, with its huge fire-place and greased paper windows, served as a schoolhouse. A person whose intellectual powers were superior only to those of the most ignorant, acted as schoolmaster. The Bible, Webster's speller, andsuch other publications as could be obtained, constituted the text-books. But, by diligent study and firmness of purpose, many of the pupils of that day rose to a high degree of distinction. These subscription schools were continued until 1826. In that year, the township was laid off into eight school districts, containing 233 families, Competent teachers were engaged, and thus the friends of education had great cause for rejoicing. Among the early teachers, now living, who were employed under the provisions of the Common School Law, we mention Isaac Neff and David Laudenback. The former began teaching in 1842, and continued for twenty years ; the latter began in 1829, and continued for a number of years. There are now twelve substantial schoolhouses, eleven of which are brick structures. They are well attended, in charge of reliable and intelligent instructors, and offer enticing inducements to the youth.

WESTVILLE
This village is located at the crossing of the Valley and Urbana and St. Paris pikes, one-half mile north of the C. C. & I. C. Railroad. The town consists mainly of one street, and contains a population of about 150. The citizens are sober and industrious. At present, there is no dram-shop in the village, and it is probable that there will not be for some time to come, In 1816, the site of Westville was purchased by Archibald McGrew, a Pennsylvanian. Believing that the interests of the country demanded the establishment of a trading-point, he proceeded to survey the land and lay it off into town lots. The first building was erected by Abraham Stephens, in 1818, on the northwest corner of the square, formed by the crossing of the two roads.

Another structure was erected in the same year by Jeremiah Hoffman. A so called carding machine was pressed into service, by one Cook, in 1818. The first carpentering establishment was erected also in 1818, by Curtis Thompson. As the first merchants we record the names of Joseph B. Acre, John L. Stephens and John Arrowsmith. The little settlement provided a want long felt, but improved slowly,

The first school was opened in 1818, in a large log building. William Allen was the first teacher. He received the sum of $2 from each scholar, and boarded alternately with the parents of his pupils. Some years ago a special district was located and a two-story graded schoolhouse erected. This affords the youthful inhabitants an opportunity of obtaining, at least, a liberal education.

Two churches, the Methodist Episcopal and Universalist, offer spiritual advice to the inhabitants. The history of these churches is given in the outline history of the township.

Nettle Creek Orange, No. 244, was organized December 12, 1873. Following are the names of the charter members: Simeon Taylor, Gideon H. Ward, L. Hoak, Elijah Hanna, Samuel K. Sewers, P. Stickley, L. A. McGinnis, N. H. Hain, Noble Osborn, W. Loudenback, B. F. Colbert, D. Taylor, T. J. Idle, William Idle, Jasper Ward, W. Harbor, Lena Harr, Mrs, S. Taylor, Mrs. S. McGrew, Mrs. D. Taylor, Mrs. L. A. McGinnis, Ella Ward, Mattis Osborne, Josephine Osborne, Arabella Ward.

A large two-story brick building was erected by the Grange and the Sons of Temperance (now defunct) in 1876. The dimensions of the building are 33x50; its total cost aggregated $3,600. The first floor is divided into two departments, the large corner room is used by John Richardson, dealer in dry goods, provisions, etc. The smaller compartment is used by the Grange as a dining-room. The second floor consists of a public hall and ante-rooms, used for meetings of the Grange and public entertainments.

Though Westville is located within one-half mile of the railroad, it does not derive much actual benefit from the same. Urbana is but four miles and St. Paris seven miles distant. These towns attract the trading population of the vicinity, which has its detrimental effects on Westville. The he inhabitants are prosperous and happy, and have no design for future greatness.

Business Directory
John Richardson, dealer in dry goods, groceries, hardware, etc. ; Nichols & Hoak, boots, shoes and groceries; J. H. Baker, steam machine-shop; Minnich Bros., blacksmiths; R. R. McLaughlin, physician.

Terre Haute
This village is situated on Storm's Creek, in the southern part of the township, and contains a population of 125. It is surrounded by a rich, fertile country, and, but for the fact that it is minus railroad facilities, would be quite a business center. A railroad is now being agitated, and, in time, the people may have the pleasure of hearing the "toot" of the locomotive at their doors. The village site, originally, was the property of Squire George Craig, who had it surveyed into town lots in 1838. David Loudenback did the surveying, and was assisted by David Miller. Both of these gentlemen are still residents of the township. Mr. Craig laid off the town as a speculative experiment. Many of the new-comers did not, possess money sufficient to purchase a quarter-section of land, but were financially able to buy a lot, and thus lay the foundation for a future home.
Abraham Rosmick built the first house-a frame which is now used by John Neese for a carpenter-shop. The second house was erected by George Neese, the third by John Davis. David Miller built his present residence soon after. The first store was kept by John Conklin, who dealt in dry goods and groceries, in the house now in the possession of Martin Nitchman. The building now owned by Morgan L. Jenkins was built for a tavern by George Craig, who was the first landlord. Jacob Shafer was the first, blacksmith ; David Miller, the first wagon-maker.
A post office was established shortly after the town was surveyed. Michael Craybill was the first Postmaster. The mail was carried from Urbana once each week, by Davis, who rode on horseback. A few years later, the route was changed to Springfield via Tremont. The mail is now received tri-weekly from Urbana. William Dermette is the present Postmaster; he received the appointment some thirteen years ago.

Business Directory
Groceries, etc., Morgan L. Jenkins ; blacksmithing, Raper Ropp and Jacob Kiser; harness-making, Anson Smith; wagon-making, Henry Eiper; physician, W. S. Hunt; saw-mill, Isaac Evilsizer. The town contains two public halls, and one church-the Methodist Episcopal.

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